| Title | کٲشُر / 𑆑𑆳𑆯𑆶𑆫𑇀 (Koshur)Kashmiri (Koshur)Koshur Kashmiri |
|---|---|
| Description | Kashmiri (Koshur) is a language of the Dardic subgroup of Indo-Aryan languages, spoken primarily in the Kashmir Valley. It is unique among South Asian languages for its **Verb-Second (V2)** word order, a feature it shares with Germanic languages like German and Dutch, making it distinct from the typical SOV structure of its neighbors. Kashmiri has a rich literary tradition dating back to the 14th century with the mystic poetry (Vakhs) of Lalleshwari and the love lyrics (Vatsun) of Habba Khatoon. Historically written in the **Sharada** script, it is now officially written in the Perso-Arabic script. It possesses a complex phonology with central vowels, distinctive palatalization, and a split-ergative case system. |
| Alternate Names & Variants | Native Names: کٲشُر Koshur Indic Names: कश्मीरी कॉशुर English Names: Kashmiri Alternate Names: Kashtwari |
| Language ID | INHF-LNG-0792837465-16:00:00:07:01:26-KSHM |
| URI | |
| API URL | https://inheritage.foundation/api/v1/aat/languages/kashmiri |
| Language Family | Indo-Aryan(Dardic) |
| Status | Official Language (J&K), 8th Schedule of Indian Constitution. |
| ISO Codes | ISO 639-1: ksISO 639-2: kasISO 639-3: kas |
| Glottolog Code | kash1277 |
| Wikidata URI | |
| Regions | Jammu and Kashmir (India) Azad Kashmir (Pakistan) |
| Time Periods | Ancient (Sharada period) Medieval (Persian influence) Modern |
| Dynasties | Karkota Utpala Shah Mir Mughal |
| Script Associations | Perso-Arabic (Nastaliq - Official) Sharada (Historical/Liturgical) Devanagari (Diaspora) |
| Related Languages | Shina Poguli Kisthwari |
| Literary Works | Lalleshwari Vakyani (Lal Ded) Rajatarangini (Sanskrit source of history) Shirum O'Shalimar |
| Inscription Types | Sharada Stone Inscriptions Birch Bark Manuscripts |
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Native:
اِنہیرِٹیج فاوُنڑیشَن چھِ اَکھ سُنستھا یُس قدیٖم زَبانَن ہُنٛد تَحَفُظ کران چھُ۔ یہِ چھُ پوٗرٕ دُنیاہِک عَالِمَن سٟتۍ مِلِتھ کٲم کَران۔ اَسہِ سُنٛد مَقصد چھُ یِہ زِ قدیٖم کِتابَن بَنٲوِو ڈیجیٹَل تٔہ زَبٲنی رِوایتَن کَرو رِکارڑ تاکِہ یِنہٕ واجِنۍ نَسٕل ہیٚکَن تِمن پؠٹھٕ ہیٚچھِتھ۔ عِلٕم چھُ سارِوٕے کھۄتہٕ بۄڑ دۄلت۔ پَنُن ماضی سَمجِتھ ہیکو أسی اَکھ جَن بَوِش بَنٲوِتھ۔
Transliterated:
Inheritage Foundation chi akh sanstha yus qadeem zabanan hund tahaffuz karan chu. Yi chu poora dunyahik aaliman saety milith kaam karan. Asi sund maqsad chu yih zi qadeem kitaban banaviv digital tI zabaani riwayatan karo record taaki yini waajin nasl hekan timan pyath hechith. Ilm chu saarni khotah bod dolat. Panun maazi samjith heko asi akh jaan bawish banavith.
English:
The Inheritage Foundation is an organization dedicated to the preservation of ancient languages. It works with scholars from all over the world. Our goal is to digitize manuscripts and record oral traditions so that future generations can learn from them. Knowledge is the greatest wealth. By understanding our past, we can build a beautiful future.
Grammar Notes:
V2 Order: 'chi' (is) in second pos. Auxiliaries: 'hekan' (can). Conjunction: 'taaki' (so that).