| Title | कृष्ण प्रस्तर (Krishna Pāshāna (Black Trap))Rare Kṛṣṇa Prastara Krishna Pāshāna (Black Trap) |
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| Description | कृष्ण पाषाण (Krishna Pāshāna), also known as काला पत्थर (Kālā Pathar) or श्याम पाषाण (Shyām Pāshāna), is a fine-grained, dark-colored extrusive igneous rock, primarily basalt, extensively used in Indic architecture. Its geological origin lies in volcanic activity across the Deccan Plateau. Characterized by high density (2.7-3.0 g/cm³) and low porosity (<1%), it exhibits compressive strength ranging from 150-200 MPa. Mineralogically, it comprises plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene. Traditionally quarried from regions in Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh, कृष्ण पाषाण (Krishna Pāshāna) served in foundation construction, wall construction, paving, and hydraulic structures like tanks. The Chalukya and Rashtrakuta dynasties employed it extensively. Examples include structural elements in temples and forts. Conservation efforts address weathering and erosion, utilizing techniques compatible with the stone's properties. The use of basalt fiber [1] in modern restoration is being explored. |
| Also Known As | Krishna Pāshāna (Black Trap) Kṛṣṇa Prastara Black Trap Rock Basalt Deccan Trap Igneous Rock कृष्ण पाषाण काला पत्थर श्याम पाषाण बेसाल्ट कृष्णशिला கருங்கல் (Karungal) నల్ల రాయి (Nalla Raayi) ಕಪ್ಪು ಕಲ್ಲು (Kappu Kallu) കറുത്ത കല്ല് (Karutha Kallu) |
| Tags | Basalt Krishna Pāshāna Deccan Trap Volcanic Rock Black Stone Building Stone |
| Material ID | INHFMAT-033484496-20-11-25-KC |
| URI | https://www.inheritage.foundation/aat/material/black-trap |
| API Endpoint | https://inheritage.foundation/api/v1/aat/materials/black-trap |
| Total Sites | 1 |
| Primary Sites | 1 |
| Created | November 20, 2025 |
| Last Updated | November 28, 2025 |
| Types | Igneous Rock Extrusive Rock Volcanic Rock |
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| Regions | Maharashtra Karnataka Madhya Pradesh |
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| Time Periods | Ancient Medieval |
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| Dynasties | Chalukya Dynasty Rashtrakuta Dynasty |
| Sources | Deccan Plateau Local Quarries (e.g., near Pune) |
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| Properties | Density: 2.7-3.0 g/cm³ Porosity: <1% Compressive Strength: 150-200 MPa Mineral Composition: Plagioclase Feldspar, Pyroxene |
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| Uses | Foundation Construction Wall Construction Paving Hydraulic Structures (e.g., Dams, Tanks) Sculptural Elements |
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| Materials | Lime Mortar Surkhi (Brick Dust) Gravel |
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| Styles | Deccan Architecture Chalukya Architecture Rashtrakuta Architecture |
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| Categories | Temple Fort Water Tank |
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| Notes |
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| Title | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Deccan Trap Geology | Geological Survey | Basalt formation and properties |
| Site Name | Status | Usage | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bidar Fort Bidar | Primary | 100% |