| Title | सीमेंट कंक्रीट (Cement Concrete)Rare Sīmeṇṭa Kaṅkrīṭa Cement Concrete |
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| Description | Sīmeṇṭa Kāṅkrīṭa (Cement Concrete) is a composite construction material widely employed in modern Indian infrastructure and, increasingly, in heritage conservation [1]. It comprises hydraulic cement (binder), aggregates (fine and coarse), and water. The cement, often sourced from limestone quarries across the subcontinent, undergoes calcination to produce clinker, ground with gypsum. Aggregates, traditionally riverbed sand and crushed stone ('śilākhanda'), provide bulk and influence workability. Hydration reactions form calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H), the primary binding phase. Typical properties include compressive strength of 20-40 MPa, density of 2200-2400 kg/m³, and water absorption of 5-10% [2]. While not historically used in ancient structures like those of the Maurya or Gupta periods (which favored brick and stone masonry), its modern application includes reinforcing existing structures and creating new foundations. Conservation efforts ('saṃrakṣaṇa') require careful material matching and understanding of long-term durability in diverse climatic conditions [3]. The modulus of elasticity is typically 20-30 GPa. |
| Also Known As | Cement Concrete Sīmeṇṭa Kaṅkrīṭa Cement Concrete Concrete Portland Cement Concrete PCC सीमेंट कंक्रीट सीमेंट कांक्रीट दृढ़ीकृत कंक्रीट कंक्रीट சிமெண்ட் கான்கிரீட் (Cimeṇṭ Kāṉkiriṭ) సిమెంట్ కాంక్రీట్ (Simeṇṭ Kāṅkrīṭ) ಸಿಮೆಂಟ್ ಕಾಂಕ್ರೀಟ್ (Simeṇṭ Kāṅkrīṭ) സിമന്റ് കോൺക്രീറ്റ് (Simeṇṟ Kōṇkrīṟṟ) |
| Tags | सीमेंट कंक्रीट Sīmeṇṭa Kaṅkrīṭa Concrete Cement Aggregate Reinforcement |
| Material ID | INHFMAT-125612718-20-11-25-SR |
| URI | https://www.inheritage.foundation/aat/material/cement-concrete |
| API Endpoint | https://inheritage.foundation/api/v1/aat/materials/cement-concrete |
| Total Sites | 1 |
| Primary Sites | 1 |
| Created | November 20, 2025 |
| Last Updated | November 28, 2025 |
| Types | Composite Material Cement-based Material Cementitious Material Hydraulic Cement |
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| Regions | India |
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| Time Periods | 20th Century CE 21st Century CE |
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| Sources | Cement factories Aggregate quarries Riverbeds for aggregate |
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| Properties | Compressive strength: 20-40 MPa Density: 2200-2400 kg/m³ Water absorption: 5-10% Modulus of elasticity: 20-30 GPa |
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| Uses | Foundations Beams Slabs Columns Roof slabs |
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| Materials | लोहा - Lohā (Steel) पानी - Pānī (Water) रेती - Retī (Sand) |
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| Styles | Modern architecture |
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| Categories | Modern structures Reinforcements Temple Kund |
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| Notes |
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| Title | Type | Notes |
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| Indian Concrete Institute Publications | Technical Report | Concrete mix design |
| Site Name | Status | Usage | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hanuman Tok Gangtok | Primary | 100% |