| Title | चीनी मिट्टी की टाइल (Ceramic Tile)Rare Chīnī miṭṭī kī ṭāil Ceramic Tile |
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| Description | सिरेमिक टाइल (Sirēmik ṭāil), also known as चीनी मिट्टी टाइल (chīnī miṭṭī ṭāil) or मृत्तिका टाइल (mṛttikā ṭāil), are thin, fired clay products used extensively for flooring and wall cladding. Their composition primarily consists of clay minerals sourced from "khanija" (खनिज, minerals) deposits across the Indian subcontinent [1]. Traditional "āva" (आवा, kiln) firing methods, reaching temperatures of 1000-1300°C, impart characteristic physical properties. Compressive strength ranges from 20-200 MPa, with water absorption varying from 0.5% (porcelain) to 15% (ceramic) [2]. Density typically falls between 2000-2500 kg/m³. Historically, various dynasties utilized similar fired clay elements, though modern ceramic tiles gained prominence in the 20th and 21st centuries. Conservation efforts at heritage sites, such as those in Gujarat and Rajasthan, require careful matching of tile composition and firing techniques during restoration. Durability is assessed via abrasion resistance tests. Chemical resistance is crucial for longevity. Traditional knowledge systems ("paramparā", परंपरा) inform the selection of appropriate "mṛttikā" (मृत्तिका, clay) types for specific applications [3]. |
| Also Known As | Ceramic Tile Chīnī miṭṭī kī ṭāil Ceramic Tile Tile Floor Tile Wall Tile सिरेमिक टाइल चीनी मिट्टी टाइल मृत्तिका टाइल பீங்கான் ஓடு (Pīngāṉ ōṭu) పింగాణి పలక (Pingāṇi palaka) ಪಿಂಗಾಣಿ ಹೆಂಚು (Pingāṇi hen̄cu) ചിരട്ട ഓട് (Ciraṭṭa ōṭŭ) |
| Tags | Ceramic Tile Tile Clay Firing Ceramic Flooring Wall Glaze Cladding Modern Porcelain |
| Material ID | INHFMAT-447952224-20-11-25-SA |
| URI | https://www.inheritage.foundation/aat/material/ceramic-tile |
| API Endpoint | https://inheritage.foundation/api/v1/aat/materials/ceramic-tile |
| Total Sites | 1 |
| Primary Sites | 0 |
| Created | November 20, 2025 |
| Last Updated | November 28, 2025 |
| Types | Ceramic Fired Clay Clay Product |
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| Regions | Gujarat Rajasthan India Global |
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| Time Periods | 20th Century CE 21st Century CE Modern Era |
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| Sources | Tile factories in Morbi Tile factories in Rajasthan Tile factories Ceramic factories Local clay deposits Clay deposits |
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| Properties | Compressive strength: 20-200 MPa Water absorption: 0.5-15% Density: 2000-2500 kg/m³ Thermal expansion coefficient: 5-9 x 10⁻⁶ /°C Breaking strength: 15-30 MPa Chemical resistance Abrasion resistance Flexural strength: 20-40 MPa Porosity: 0.5-3% Thermal conductivity: 1.0-1.5 W/mK Firing temperature: 1000-1300°C |
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| Uses | Flooring Wall cladding Roofing Decorative elements |
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| Materials | Cement Lime Mortar Grout Adhesives |
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| Styles | Modern architecture Contemporary temple architecture |
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| Categories | Temple construction Residential buildings Temple Flooring Walls Residential Buildings Commercial Buildings Modern additions Residential Modern additions to heritage structures Modern Temples Temple flooring Wall decoration |
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| Notes |
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| Title | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| IS 15622:2017 | Indian Standard | Ceramic Tiles - Specification |
| Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Publications | Technical Report | Ceramic properties |
| Ceramic Tile Standards | Standard | Tile specifications |
| Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Reports | Technical Report | Material analysis |
| Ceramic Tile Installation Guide | Manual | Installation methods |
| Ceramic Tile Manufacturing | Technical Report | Tile production process |
| Handbook of Ceramics | Book | Technical details on ceramic tile manufacturing and properties |
| Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Publications | Technical Report | Ceramic properties |
| Ceramic Tile Standards | Standard | Technical specifications |
| Site Name | Status | Usage | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sri Vadapathira Kaliamman Temple Singapore | Secondary | 100% |