| Title | рдореГрддреНрддрд┐рдХрд╛ рдЦрдкрд░реИрд▓ (Clay Tiles)Rare Mс╣Ыttik─Б Khaprail Clay Tiles |
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| Description | Mrittik─Б Khaprail (Clay Tiles), or рдорд┐рдЯреНрдЯреА рдХреА рдЦрдкрд░реИрд▓, are ceramic construction materials prevalent in Indic heritage architecture. Derived from locally sourced *mrittika* (clay), their composition varies based on geological origin within the Indian subcontinent. Firing temperatures range from 900-1100┬░C, yielding densities of 1.8-2.2 g/cm┬│ and water absorption rates of 5-20% [2]. Compressive strength is typically 15-40 MPa, with flexural strength at 15-25 MPa. Porosity ranges from 10-25%. Historically, dynasties like the Cholas and Vijayanagara extensively used *kapalika* for roofing, paving, and cladding. Traditional *gramyaavaran* (rural covering) methods involved skilled *terracotta artists* [1]. Conservation requires understanding clay mineralogy and firing history. Restoration necessitates sourcing compatible clay from similar *khanija* (mines) and employing traditional firing techniques. Durability is affected by weathering, biological growth, and seismic activity. Understanding these factors is crucial for preserving heritage structures. |
| Also Known As | Clay Tiles Mс╣Ыttik─Б Khaprail Clay Tiles Roofing Tiles Earthen Tiles Terracotta Tiles рдорд┐рдЯреНрдЯреА рдХреА рдЦрдкрд░реИрд▓ рдХрдкрд╛рд▓рд┐рдХрд╛ рдЧреНрд░рд╛рдореНрдпрд╛рд╡рд░рдг рдЧреНрд░рд╛рдореНрдп рдЯрд╛рдЗрд▓ рдЫрдд рдХреА рдорд┐рдЯреНрдЯреА роорогрпН роУроЯрпБроХро│рпН (Maс╣З ┼Нс╣нukaс╕╖) р░ор░Яр▒Нр░Яр░┐ р░кр▒Жр░Вр░Хр▒Бр░▓р▒Б (Maс╣нс╣нi peс╣Еkul┼л) р▓ор▓гр│Нр▓гр▓┐р▓и р▓╣р│Жр▓Вр▓Ър│Бр▓Чр▓│р│Б (Maс╣Зс╣Зina hen╠Дcugaс╕╖u) |
| Tags | Clay Tiles Roof Tiles Terracotta Roofing Flooring Earthenware Ceramic рдореГрддреНрддрд┐рдХрд╛ рдЦрдкрд░реИрд▓ Mritika Patala |
| Material ID | INHFMAT-626994241-20-11-25-MI |
| URI | https://www.inheritage.foundation/aat/material/clay-tiles |
| API Endpoint | https://inheritage.foundation/api/v1/aat/materials/clay-tiles |
| Total Sites | 1 |
| Primary Sites | 1 |
| Created | November 20, 2025 |
| Last Updated | November 28, 2025 |
| Types | Ceramic Terracotta Earthenware |
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| Regions | Tamil Nadu Kerala Karnataka West Bengal Goa |
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| Time Periods | Ancient Period Medieval Period Colonial Period Modern Period |
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| Dynasties | Chola Dynasty Vijayanagara Empire Travancore Kingdom Regional Kingdoms |
| Sources | Local kilns Local clay pits Tile manufacturing units Specific tile manufacturing centers |
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| Properties | Density: 1.8-2.2 g/cm┬│ Water absorption: 5-20% Firing temperature: 900-1100┬░C Compressive strength: 15-40 MPa Flexural strength: 15-25 MPa Porosity: 10-25% |
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| Uses | Roofing Paving Flooring Wall cladding Decorative elements in architecture |
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| Materials | Wood Lime Mortar Sand Bamboo |
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| Styles | Kerala architecture Vernacular architecture Bengal architecture South Indian architecture Goan architecture Kerala Temple Architecture |
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| Categories | House Temple Palace Residential buildings Public buildings Residential Buildings Public Buildings |
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| Notes |
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| Title | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Traditional Building Materials of India | Book | Clay tile manufacturing and properties |
| Traditional Indian Tile Manufacturing | Technical Report | Production and properties |
| Traditional Indian Ceramics | Book | Manufacturing and properties |
| Traditional Indian Ceramics | Book | Manufacturing and properties of clay tiles |
| Site Name | Status | Usage | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sabarimala Sastha Temple Pathanamthitta | Primary | 100% |