| Title | शीशा (Glazing)Rare Śīśā Glazing |
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| Description | कांच (Kānch), or शीशा (Śīśā), encompasses glazing materials, primarily soda-lime glass, used in Indic architecture. Its composition is predominantly silica (SiO₂) derived from quartz-rich sands, traditionally sourced from riverbeds across the subcontinent. Physical properties include a density of 2400-2800 kg/m³, refractive index of 1.5-1.9, and thermal conductivity of 0.8-1.0 W/mK. [1] Historically, कांच was employed in Mughal and Rajput structures, often as दर्पण (Darpaṇa) or mirrors, and later as window panes. Durability is a concern; weathering leads to surface degradation. Conservation involves careful cleaning and replacement with compatible glass. The thermal expansion coefficient (8-9 x 10⁻⁶ /°C) dictates joint design. Traditional processing involved crucible melting, a technique documented in ancient texts. [2] Modern कांच production utilizes float glass methods. Restoration requires understanding the original glass composition and manufacturing techniques to ensure authentic replication. [3] The tensile strength is 40-80 MPa, while compressive strength is ~1000 MPa. |
| Also Known As | Glazing Śīśā Glazing Glass Pane Sheet Glass काच शीशा दर्पण काँच शिशा (Bengali) கண்ணாடி (Kannāṭi) అద్దము (Addamu) ಗಾಜು (Gāju) ചില്ല് (Chillu) |
| Tags | कांच Kānch Glass Window Transparency Glazing Transparent Sheet Glass |
| Material ID | INHFMAT-010613252-20-11-25-KZ |
| URI | https://www.inheritage.foundation/aat/material/glazing |
| API Endpoint | https://inheritage.foundation/api/v1/aat/materials/glazing |
| Total Sites | 2 |
| Primary Sites | 2 |
| Created | November 20, 2025 |
| Last Updated | November 28, 2025 |
| Types | Glass Silicate Soda-Lime Glass |
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| Regions | South Asia Global |
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| Time Periods | 20th Century CE 21st Century CE |
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| Sources | Glass factories across India Saint-Gobain Asahi India Glass Glass manufacturing plants Silica sand mines |
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| Properties | Density: 2400-2800 kg/m³ Refractive index: 1.5-1.9 Thermal conductivity: 0.8-1.0 W/mK Tensile strength: 40-80 MPa Compressive strength: ~1000 MPa Thermal expansion coefficient: 8-9 x 10⁻⁶ /°C |
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| Uses | Windows Doors Skylights Curtain walls Stained glass windows |
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| Materials | Aluminium Steel Silicon Sealant Aluminium Frame Rubber Sealant |
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| Styles | Modern Architecture Contemporary Architecture |
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| Categories | Temple Community Hall Temple (modern) |
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| Notes |
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| Title | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| IS 2553 (Part 1) : 1990 | Standard | Safety glass - Specification: Part 1 Annealed and toughened glass |
| Glass Technology Journal | Journal | Technical articles on glass properties and applications |
| Site Name | Status | Usage | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Canberra Sri Vishnu Shiva Mandir Mawson | Primary | 100% | |
| Hindu Cultural Society of Calgary Temple | Primary | Flooring | 100% |