| Title | चूना पत्थर फलक (Limestone Panel)Rare Cūnā patthar phalak Limestone Panel |
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| Description | चूना पत्थर पैनल (Chuna Patthar Panel), or *चूना पत्थर पट्टिका* (Cūnā Patthar Paṭṭikā) in Hindi, are limestone slabs employed as cladding and facing stones. Limestone, a sedimentary rock [1], primarily comprises calcium carbonate (CaCO3), often with magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) and trace minerals. Originating from biogenic sources like ancient marine organisms, *खटीक पाषाण फलक* (Khaṭīka Pāṣāṇa Phalaka) panels exhibit compressive strength between 20-60 MPa, porosity of 5-20%, density of 2200-2700 kg/m³, and water absorption of 1-5%. Quarried from regions like Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh, these panels represent a modern adaptation of *शिलान्यास* (Śilānyāsa) – traditional stone masonry. Historically, dynasties extensively utilized limestone in Indic heritage architecture, evident in structures across the subcontinent. Conservation necessitates understanding limestone's susceptibility to acid rain and weathering. Restoration involves techniques like consolidation and surface treatments to mitigate deterioration. The use of *सुண்ணாம்புக்கல் பலகை* (Cunnāmpukkal palakai) panels continues in the 20th and 21st centuries. |
| Also Known As | Limestone Panel Cūnā patthar phalak Limestone Panel Limestone Cladding Limestone Facing चूना पत्थर पट्टिका चूना पत्थर शिलाखंड खटीक पाषाण फलक சுண்ணாம்புக்கல் பலகை (Cunnāmpukkal palakai) సున్నపురాయి పలక (Sunnapurāyi palaka) ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಫಲಕ (Suṇṇakallu phalaka) சுண்ணாம்புக்கல் தகடு (Cunnāmpukkal takadu) |
| Tags | चूना पत्थर पैनल Chuna Patthar Panel Limestone Panel Cladding Facade Building Stone |
| Material ID | INHFMAT-122556169-20-11-25-CA |
| URI | https://www.inheritage.foundation/aat/material/limestone-panel |
| API Endpoint | https://inheritage.foundation/api/v1/aat/materials/limestone-panel |
| Total Sites | 1 |
| Primary Sites | 1 |
| Created | November 20, 2025 |
| Last Updated | November 28, 2025 |
| Types | Sedimentary Rock Cladding Material Facing Stone |
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| Regions | Rajasthan Gujarat Madhya Pradesh |
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| Time Periods | 20th Century CE 21st Century CE |
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| Sources | Limestone quarries in Rajasthan Limestone quarries in Gujarat Local quarries |
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| Properties | Compressive strength: 20-60 MPa Porosity: 5-20% Density: 2200-2700 kg/m³ Water absorption: 1-5% |
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| Uses | Exterior wall cladding Interior wall finishing Decorative panels Facade construction Pavement |
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| Materials | चूना - Chunā (Lime Mortar) सीमेंट मोर्टार - Cement Mortar (Cement Mortar) धातु संबंधक - Dhatu Sambandhak (Metal Ties) Stone anchors |
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| Styles | Modern architecture Traditional architecture |
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| Categories | Temple Community Hall |
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| Notes |
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| Title | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Building Stones of India | Book | Geological Survey of India publication |
| Site Name | Status | Usage | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sanatan Mandir Cultural Centre Markham | Primary | Walls | 100% |