| Title | जैविक बंधक (Organic Binders)Rare Jaivik Bandhak Organic Binders |
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| Description | जैविक बंधन - Jaivik Bandhan (Organic Binders), or प्राकृतिक बंधक (natural binders), encompass materials of biological origin employed in traditional Indian construction. These कार्बनिक बंधक (organic binders) served as mortar additives, plaster additives, and adhesives, influencing the microstructure and performance of composite materials [1]. Sourced from forests and agricultural lands across the Indian subcontinent, examples include plant resins, gums (like gum arabic), animal glues, and extracts from fruits and vegetables. Their use is documented in heritage structures from the Maurya to Mughal periods, including temples, forts, and palaces. Jaivik Bandhan improved workability, adhesion to porous surfaces, and flexibility, while altering setting times and compressive strength. Durability is a key concern, as these materials are susceptible to biodegradation. Conservation efforts require careful analysis of the original binder composition and compatible restoration materials. Traditional knowledge systems (शिल्प शास्त्र - Shilpa Shastras) detail their preparation and application. The selection of specific जैविक संसंजन (organic cohesion) agents depended on local availability and desired material properties. |
| Also Known As | Organic Binders Jaivik Bandhak Organic Binders Bio-based Binders Natural Binders प्राकृतिक बंधक कार्बनिक बंधक जैविक संसंजन |
| Tags | Jaivik Bandhan Organic Binder Natural Adhesive Plant-based Binder Animal-based Binder Gum Arabic Jaggery Resin Egg White |
| Material ID | INHFMAT-412047525-20-11-25-JA |
| URI | https://www.inheritage.foundation/aat/material/organic-binders |
| API Endpoint | https://inheritage.foundation/api/v1/aat/materials/organic-binders |
| Total Sites | 2 |
| Primary Sites | 2 |
| Created | November 20, 2025 |
| Last Updated | November 28, 2025 |
| Types | Binder Adhesive Mortar Additive Plaster Additive |
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| Regions | Pan-India |
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| Time Periods | Ancient Medieval Pre-Colonial |
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| Dynasties | Maurya Gupta Chola Mughal Vijayanagara Regional Dynasties |
| Sources | Tree saps Animal hides Sugarcane molasses Acacia gum (Gum Arabic) Sugarcane (Jaggery) Plant resins Plant starches Hen egg white Animal products |
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| Properties | Improved workability Increased adhesion Enhanced flexibility Variable compressive strength Altered setting time Susceptible to biodegradation Good adhesion to porous surfaces Influences microstructure of mortar |
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| Uses | Mortar additive Plaster additive Adhesive for decorative elements Waterproofing agent Paint binder Adhesive for joining wood and stone Stabilizer in plasters Gilding adhesive Pigment binder |
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| Materials | Chuna (Lime Mortar) Surkhi (Brick Dust) Ret (Sand) Chuna (Lime) Kashta (Wood) Varna (Pigments) Mitti (Clay) |
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| Styles | Traditional Indian Architecture Vernacular Architecture Traditional Indian Painting Stucco Work Polychrome Sculpture |
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| Categories | Temple Fort House Palace Residential architecture Residential Buildings Painting |
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| Notes |
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| Title | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Traditional Indian Building Materials | Book | Use of organic binders |
| Traditional Knowledge Systems of India | Book | Use of organic binders |
| Traditional Indian Painting Techniques | Book | Use of organic binders in murals and miniature paintings |
| Traditional Indian Painting Techniques | Book | Use of organic binders in murals and miniature paintings |
| Studies in Conservation | Journal Article | Analysis of organic binders in historic mortars |
| Site Name | Status | Usage | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Po Nagar Cham Towers Nha Trang Vietnam | Primary | 100% | |
| Thai Lan Cham Tower Complex Ninh Thuan Vietnam | Primary | 100% |