Buphaya Pagoda Bagan

Buphaya Pagoda, a prominent monument on the banks of the Irrawaddy River in Bagan, possibly dates back to the 9th century CE ([1][2]). Early Bagan kingdoms are believed to have originally commissioned it. Reconstructed in 1850 CE, during the 19th century, the pagoda maintains the early Bagan architectural style, recognizable through its distinctive gourd-shaped (buphaya) design ([1]).

Intricate carvings decorating the structure depict Indic riverine legends and Hindu-Buddhist narratives, underscoring Myanmar's historical connections to the broader Hindu cultural sphere ([2]). Vastu Shastra principles, the ancient Indian science of architecture, likely influenced the original design, integrating cosmological beliefs into the pagoda’s layout, though specific textual references are currently unavailable. The use of brick, stucco, and sandstone as primary materials reflects common construction practices of that era ([1]).

Moreover, the pagoda's riverside setting highlights the transmission of Hindu riverine traditions from India into Southeast Asian Buddhist practices ([1][2]). The inclusion of Hindu deities within shrines and pavilions further emphasizes this cultural synthesis. The Shilpa Shastras, ancient Indian treatises on art and architecture, provide a framework for understanding the design principles that might have been employed, although precise linkages require further research.

During its history, the Buphaya Pagoda has undergone several renovations, preserving its historical and cultural significance. Today, as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Buphaya Pagoda symbolizes Myanmar’s enduring ties to Indian civilization through shared mythological and cultural traditions ([3][4][5]). The pagoda stands as a reminder of the interconnectedness of cultures and the enduring legacy of ancient architectural traditions.